LEO Bulletin: “What to Look for During a Search Warrant”

UNCLASSIFIEDllLAW ENFORCEMENT SENSITIVE

Dark Web and Cryptocurrency

What

to

Look for During a Search Warrant

Nevada High

Intensity

Drug

Trafficking

Area

(U) Overview

(U//FOUO)

In

June

of

2021,

the

Nevada

lligh

Intensity

Drug

Trafficking Area (HIDTA) Drug

Enforcement

Agency (DEA)

Enforcemen

t Group

3

arres

t

ed

four

members

of

a

Drug

Trafficking

Money

Laundering

Organization

(DTMLO)

responsible

for

selling

millions

of

dollars'

worth

of

cocaine

on

the

dark

web

and

transporting

it

through

the

United

States

Postal

Services (USPS).

Federal

search

warrants

were

executed

at

the

DTMLO's

primary

residences

in

Las Vegas

as

well

as

two

stash

l

ocations

which

resulted

in

the

seizure

of

approximately

12.6

kilograms

of

cocaine,

13

firearms,

approximately

$86,000

in

bulk

currency,

1

vehicle,

and

numerous

luxury

motorcycles

valued

at

$450,000.

At all

locations,

electronic

devices

such

as

phones,

computers,

and

BULLETIN •

September

2021

(U//LES) Photo

of

cocaine and pharmaceuticals found

at

stash loca

ti

on.

Source:

DE

A E

nforcemen

t Group 3 June 2021.

cryptocurrency

devices

were

located

as

well as

drug

records,

financial

documents,

and

paper

recovery

seeds.

Subsequent

to

the

search

warrants,

over

30

wallets

were

reconstituted

which

allowed

for

the

seizure

of

approximately

$115,000

worth

of

cryptocurrency.

1

The

purpose

of

this

product

is

to

inform

law

enforcement

partners

on

how

to

better

recognize

(U//LES) E

le

ctron

i

cs

and

crypto

devices located

at

stash location.

Source:

DEA

Enforcement Gr

oup

3 June 2021.

key

indicators

of

dark

web

activity

while

executing

search

warrants.

This

includes

information

to

assist

law

enforcement

in

positively

identifying

cryptocurrency

devices,

electronic

applications,

and

recovery

seeds,

which

is critical for

seizing

digital

assets.

(U)

Re

l

evance

(U//FOUO)

In

2020,

the

Nevada

HIDTA

reported

a

surge

in

dark

web

drug

Please comp

le

te our survey

by

cl

icking

on

the

li

nk below.

https://www.suNeymonkey.com/r/2021 NVH I OT A-I nformation-1 ntelliqence-Bulletin-SuNey

UNCLASSIFIEDl!LAW ENFORCEMENT SENSITIVE

UNCLASSJFIEDl/LAW ENFORCEMENT SENSITIVE

and

cryptocurrency

usage.

2

Due to

the

unique

n

ature

of

the

case

and

having

limited local resou

rces

that

specialized

in

cryptocurrency

and

cyber

re

l

ated

crimes,

along

with

several

locations involved,

investigators

required

additional

support

from

an

ou

t-of-

state

digital forensics

group

to

be

on

site

at

all locations

during

the

execution

of

the

search

warrants.

Prior

to

the

warrants,

an

overview

of

key

things

to look for

regarding

cryptocurrency

devices,

recovery

seeds

and

any

electronics

that

could

be

exami

ned

for

evidentiary

value

was

necessary

for all

law

enforcement

personne

l involved;

however,

many

of

the

law

enforcement

personnel

were

not

familiar

with

the

information

and

termino

l

ogy

that

was

provided

during

the

brief. Details

and

examples

of

what

to

l

ook

for

during

a

sea

rch

warrant

involving

dark

web

and

cryptocurrency

is

provided

below

for l

aw

enforcement

partners.

(U) Hard

wa

re Wallets and Devi

ces

(U//FOUO)

Hardware

wallets

are

commonly

used

by

cryptocurrency

investors

as

well

as

dark

web

criminals

and

are

considered

the

bes

t

method

to

store

cryptocurrencies.

A

hardware

wallet

is

a

cryptocurrency

wa

l

let

which

stores

the

user's

private

keys in a

secure

hardware

device. The

main

principle

behind

a

hardware

wallet

is to

provide

full isolation

between

the

private

keys

and

the

user's

computer.

Private keys

are

codes

that

only

the

user

has access

to

and

are

used

to access

the

user's

crypto

assets

.

Private

keys

are

what

gives

the

user

ownership

of

their

cryptocurrency.

Hardware

wall

ets

have

an

associa

t

ed

web,

mobile,

an

d

/or

d

esk

t

op

appl

i

ca

ti

on

that

enables

you

to

monitor

your

cryptocurrency

addresses

and

spend

your

cryptocurrency.

Examples

of

hardware

wallets

are

shown

below

.3

• Trez

or

- Single chip

base

• Ledger - Double chip

base

(provides

more

securi

t

y)

(U

//

LES

) Ph

oto

of

recovery seed belonging

to

a dark

web

pill dis

trib

utor. Source:

DEA

Ta

ctical Diversion

Sq

uad

De

ce

mber 2019.

(U//FOUO) Example photos of Trezors and Ledger

Sou

rce: The Crypto

Merchant

Web

si

te

August 2021.

(U//FOUO)

Trezor

models

are

buil

t

on

a

si

ngle

chip base,

whereas

Ledger

devices

use

a

double

chip base. Ledger's

second

chip is a

bank-grade

secure

ele

ment (SE),

providing

additional

security

against

hardware-based

attacks.

(U) Recovery Seeds and Phrases

(U//FO

U

O)

A

crypto

wa

ll

et

will

randomly

generate

a

seed

phrase

or r

ecove

ry

ph

r

ase

in an

ordered

set

of

12

or

24

words,

sometimes

more

depending

on

the

type

of

wallet

being

used

.

The

crypto

wallet

al

so

uses

the

seed

Please complete our

su

rvey by clicking on the l

in

k bel

ow.

https :/

/W

WI/I/.

su

rveymonkey. c

om

/r/

202

1 N

VHI

OT

A-I

nfo

rm

ation-1 ntelliqence

-B

ulletin-Survey

UNCLASSIFIEDllLAW ENFORCEMENT SENSITIVE

UNCLASSIFIEDl/LAW ENFORCEMENT SENSITIVE

phrase

to

create

private

keys.

The

seed

phrase

is

not

linked

to

a

particular

cryptocurrency

and

can

be

used

to access

an

entire

portfolio

of

cryptocurrencies

such

as

Bitcoin, Litecoin,

Ethereum

and

other

crypto

assets

. A

seed

phrase

is

the

only

way

to

access

and

recover

a

wallet

as

well

as

all

of

its

contents

if a device

that

was

linked to

the

wallet

is

wiped,

lost,

or

stolen.4 If

possible,

recovering

wallets

and

seizing

cryptocurrency

in

an

expeditious

manner

is highly

recommended

and

should

be

treated

with

a

sense

of

urgency. Anyone

who

maintains

a

copy

of

the

recovery

seed

or

has

access

to

the

recovery

seed

can

re-create

the

wallet

without

geographical

limitations

and

could

easily

withdrawal

the

funds. Examples

of

seed

phrases

are

shown

below.

~

..

u

...

1""""'12 ...

0-<HOn~~j.(Wd«•

...

~O

'M•...0

....

11

~-

,o..;

to

•K'\)\o

..

f°""

..

aMoM

""

C:.-

OC

CO'l'\&All

«

I•-•

.

,.......,OM:'Olo•~ti~

•

,..,

.,..

l'ttM

I•

on•,,.._,_.,.

•

00

l"'CIPI

~uw

-

.

II

llt

-c'tt()no(....,

.....

.

{U//

FOUO)

Example

photos of recovery

seed

phrase.

Source:

The Crypto Merchant

and

Decryptionary webs

it

e

accessed

August

2021.

(U)

Software Wallets

(U//FOUO)

Software

wallets

come

in

many

forms, each

with

its

own

set

of

unique

characteristics

and

are

somehow

connec

t

ed

to

the

internet.

Wallets

are

distinguished

by

a

set

of

supported

cryptocurrencies

and

software

platforms

such

as

Windows,

Mac

and

other

operating

systems.

Software

wallets

are

available in

three

forms -

desktop,

mobile

and

online.s

• Desktop

wallets

are

computer

programs

that

store

cryptocurrencies

on

a

PC

so

that

its

information

is

not

accessible

to

anyone

but

the

user.

Privat

e

keys

are

typically

kept

on

a

desktop.

• Mobile

wallets

come

in

the

form

of

a

smartphone

app and

are

easily

accessible

to

their

use1-s

at

any

tin1e.

However,

mobile

devices

are

vulnerable

to

various

malware

and

can

be

eas

ily lost.

• Online

wallets

are

web

-

based

wallets

that

can

be

accessed

from

anywhere

and

any

device. This

makes

them

more

convenient

for

accessing

funds,

and

their

private

keys

are

stored

by

website

owners

rather

than

locally on

user

devices.

(U)

Common

Types

of

Cryptocurrencies, Wallets and Exchanges

(U//FOUO) The

most

common

cryptocurrencies,

wallets

and

exchanges

encountered

in

the

Nevada

HIDTA

AOR

are

shown

on

the

following page:6

Please

complete our

su

rvey

by

clicking on the l

in

k

be

low.

https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/2021 NVHI

DT

A-I nformation-lntelligence-B ulletin-Survey

UNCLASS/FIEDl/LAW ENFORCEMENT SENSITIVE

UNCLASSIFIEDl/LAW ENF

OR

CEME

NT

SENSITIVE

•

Cry

pto

currency Icons:

8.tcom

(BTC)

Monera

(XMR)

0

Litecom

(l

TC)

Ethereum

(ETH) PAX Standard (PAX)

Dogecoan

(DOGE

Atgory

(ALG)

(U//FOUO) Photos

of

commonly

used cryptocurrenci

es.

Source: Cryptologos.cc website accessed August 2021.

T

ether

(USDT)

• Software

Wallets

are

used

solely

for

storage,

sending

and

receiving

cryptocurrency

and

providing

more

anonymity.

Examples

of

common

software

wallets

encoun

t

ered

during

Nevada HIDTA

investigations

are

shown

below.

*

m

r~

...

.

~

E1cctrurn

hod

us

Coanom1

MoneroGUI

BRO

Blockcha•n

Mycel.u1.1

(U//FOUO) Photos

of

common

ly used software

wa

llet

s.

Source: Google images accessed August 2021.

• Exchan

ge

Walle

ts

have

t

he

same

functions

as

software

wa

ll

ets

but

can

be

cashed

out

and

require

specific

use

r

information.

Examples

are

sh

o

wn

below.

B

-

Coin base Kraken Crypto.c

om

Binance Bits

tamp

(U//FOUO) Photos

of

commonly

used exchange wallets.

Source: Google images accessed August 2021.

Please complete o

ur

survey by clicking on the link below.

https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/2021 NVHIDT A-lnformat1on-lntelligence-Bulletin-Survey

UNCLASSIFIEDl/LAW ENFORCEMENT SENSITIVE

UNCLASSIFIEDllLAW ENFORCEMENT SENSITIVE

(U) Indicators of Dark Web Usage

(U//FOUO) Common indicators of

dark

web usage used on computers and phones

encountered during Nevada

HID

TA investigations

are

shown below.

7

• Brow

sers

:

• Virtual

Private

Networks

(VPN):

".

..

-\/

. ft

•

Tor

Red

Onion

Tor

Nord

Proton

VPN

Tunnel Bear

(U//FOUO)

Ph

otos

of

commonly used browsers.

Sou

r

ce:

Google i

ma

ges ac

cessed

Au

gu

st 2021.

(U//FOUO) Photos of commonly

us

ed

VPN

S.

Sour

ce:

Goog

le i

ma

g

es

ac

ce

sse

d

Augu

st

20

21.

• E

xam

ple

s of Dark N

et

Ma

rket

Link

s:

ht

tp://yxuy5oa

u

7n

ug4

kpb

4

lcl

rqd

bi

x

p3

w

vc

4i uiad23ebyp2

q3

g7rtr

gq

.o

nion

ht

tp://3ezbpwjyz

r6uhv7gyaaokkwfw

4b

oqgrnugn2vf7n4yyo72nhbe

nv2

a .o

nion

http://333

f7

gpu

i

shj

x

imod

vyn

nois

xicgwaetzywgk

xo

xu

je

5p

h

3q

y

qju

i .onion

(U/

/FOUO

) Example photo

of

d

ar

k net m

arke

t lin

ks

.

Source:

D

ar

k Net

Liv

e website

accesse

d August 2021.

(U) Pretty G

ood

Pri

vacy

(PGP)

En

cry

ptio

n

0

Surfshor

k•

Surf shark

(U//

F

OUO)

Pretty

Good

Privacy

(PGP)

is an encryption system used for both sending and

receiving encrypted emails and encrypting sensitive files.

PGP

encryption

is

requir

ed

on

most popul

ar

dark net markets such as

Whi

te House Market.

If

messages are not encry

pt

ed

using

PGP

encryption, dark net markets will not allow users to send and receive messages

or

purcha

se

illicit commodities. Examples of

PGP

encryption

are

shown below.

•

PGP

Encryption:

Kleop

at

ra

Proton Mail

(U

//F

OUO) Photos

of

commonly

use

d PGP encryption s

ys

tem

s.

So

ur

ce:

Google i

mages

accessed

August 2021.

Pl

ease

complete our survey by c

li

cking on the link b

elow

.

https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/2021 NVH I OT A-l nformation-lntelligence-Bu lletin-Survey

UNCLASSIFIEDllLAW ENFORCEMENT SENSITIVE

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Source: Nevada HIDTA supported investigation August 2021

Sub;ect:

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Photo

of

encrypted message

on

White

Hou

se

Market.

Source: Nevada HIDTA supported investigation acces

sed

August 2021.

Please

comp

le

te

our survey by clicking

on

the

li

nk bel

ow.

https://www. su rveymonkey. com/r/2021 NVH I OT A-Information-Intelligence-Bulletin-Survey

UNCLASSIFIED!ILAW ENFORCEMENT SENSITIVE

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(U

//LE

S)

Ph

oto

of decrypt

ed

message on

Wh

ite Hou

se

M ar

ket

.

So

ur

ce: Nevada HIDTA sup

po

rt

ed

i

nv

es

ti

gation accessed A

ug

ust 202

1.

(U)

Conclusion

(U

//

FOUO

) In

2020

,

th

e N

ev

ada

HIDTA re

ported

an

increase

in

dark

web

g

activity a nd

crypto

currenc

y

usage

and

assessed

with

high

confidence

that

th

e

use

of

the

dark

web

for

drug

trafficking a

nd

mo

n

ey

l

aunderi

ng

activities

will

continue.a

Wi

th

the

progression

and

advancement

of

tec

hnologies,

cou

pled

with

the

rise

of

cryptocu

r

rencies,

it

is

import

a

nt

for

all

law

enforcement

pe

rsonnel

to familia

rize

th

emselves

with

the

ever-

changing me

thodologie

s

that

criminals

ut

ilize to

particip

ate in illegal activities

such

as

dru

g

traffickin

g,

distribution

a

nd

money

laund

e

ring

on

the

dark

web.

(U)

Contact

(U/

/

FOUO)

This

bulletin

was

produced

by N

ev

ada

HIDTA.

For

more

inform

a

tion

about

this

bulletin

, pl

ea

se

email

,

or

direct

questions

to

NV-HIDTA@lv

mpd.com.

1

(U//

FOUO) Nevada

HIDTA

Supp

ort

ed

Initiati

ves; 2021; UNCL

/\

SSIFIE

D/

/

FOR

OFFICIAL

USE

ONLY.

2 (U

//

FO

UO) 2020 Nevada I IID'f'A

Threat

AssessmcnL; 2021; UNCLA

SS

l

l7

1E

D//FOR

OFFICIAL

USE

ONLY.

Pl

ease complete o

ur

survey by clicking on the link below.

https://www. su rveymonkey. com/r/2021 NVH IDT A

-I

nformation-1 ntel ligence-Bu lletin-Survey

UNCLASSIFIEDllLAW ENFORCEME

NT

SENSITIVE

UNCLASS/F/EDllLAW ENFORC

EMENT

SENSITIVE

3

(U)

The Crypto Merchant https://www.thecryptomerchant.com/blogs/resourccs/why-you-need-a-hardware-

wallet-1; "Why

You

Need a Hardware Wallet";

01

July

2019;

UNCLASSIFIED.

1

(U)

The Crypto Merchant https://www.thecryptomerchant.com/blogs/resources/hardware-wallet-recovery-seeds-

explained; "Hardware Wallet Recovery Seeds Explained"; accessed on 12 August 2021;

UNCLASSIFIED.

5

(U)

Coin

Telegraph

https://cointe

legraph.com/ncws/ovcrview-of-software-wallcts-thc-casy-way-

to

-store-crypto;

"Overview of Software Wallets, the Easy Way to Store Crypto"; 29 March 2020;

UNCLASSIFIED.

6

(U//FOUO) Nevada

HIDTA

Supported Initiatives; 2021;

UNCLASSIFIED//FOR

OFFICIAL

USE

ONLY.

7

(U//FOUO) Nevada

HI

OTA

Supported Initiatives; 2021;

UNCLASSIFIED//FOR

OFFICIAL

USE

ONLY.

8

U//FOUO) 2020 Nevada

~IIDTA

Threat Assessment; 2021;

UNCLASS

IFIED

//FOR

OFFICIAL

USE

ONLY.

Please

complete

our

survey

by

clicking

on

the

link

below

.

https:

//www

su rveymonkey. com/r/2021 NVHI OT

A-1

nformation-Intelligence-Bulletin-Survey

UNCLASSIF/EDllLAW ENFORCEMENT SENSITIVE